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Mind

Quarter of people follow rules even with no downside to breaking them

Why do we follow rules? A series of experiments with more than 14,000 people reveals that around a quarter of us will follow rules unconditionally, even if obeying them harms us and there is no downside to breaking them

By Helen Thomson

3 June 2025

Break the rules, or fall in line?

Meizhi Lang/Unsplash

Would you follow a rule, even if doing so harms you and no one would know if you broke it? A series of experiments suggests that 1 in 4 people do exactly that: obey rules unconditionally, even in the absence of social pressure, punishment and personal gain. The results challenge traditional economic theories, which assume that rule-following is driven largely by extrinsic incentives, and could reshape how we design new laws.

“Following or breaking rules is what human social behaviour often amounts to,” says Simon Gaechter at the University of…

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